--- title: "贝叶斯滤波" created: 2026-06-22 updated: 2026-06-22 type: concept tags: [state-estimation, filtering, probabilistic-inference] sources: [nano-filter] --- # 贝叶斯滤波 Bayesian filtering 是状态估计最通用的框架,通过递归的**预测-更新**两步计算状态的后验分布 $p(x_t | y_{1:t})$。 ## 核心机制 - **预测步**(Chapman-Kolmogorov 方程):利用转移概率 $p(x_t | x_{t-1})$ 从上一时刻后验预测先验分布 $$ p(x_t | y_{1:t-1}) = \int p(x_t | x_{t-1}) p(x_{t-1} | y_{1:t-1}) dx_{t-1} $$ - **更新步**(Bayes 定理):利用测量似然 $p(y_t | x_t)$ 更新先验为后验 $$ p(x_t | y_{1:t}) = \frac{p(y_t | x_t) p(x_t | y_{1:t-1})}{\int p(y_t | x_t) p(x_t | y_{1:t-1}) dx_t} $$ ## 关键特性 - 线性高斯系统 → Kalman filter 给出解析解 - 非线性系统 → 需近似:Gaussian filter 族(参数化近似)或 Particle filter(离散采样近似) - [[nano-filter|NANO filter]] 从变分优化视角重新构造了 Gaussian 滤波,将预测步与更新步分别视为两个优化问题 ## 参考 - [[kalman-filter|Kalman Filter]] - [[gaussian-filtering|Gaussian Filtering]] - [[nano-filter|NANO Filter]]