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concepts/information-geometry.md
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concepts/information-geometry.md
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title: "信息几何 (Information Geometry)"
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created: 2026-06-10
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updated: 2026-06-10
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type: concept
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tags: ["differential-geometry", "statistical-inference", "fisher-metric"]
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sources: ["[[dead-directions-geometric-singular-learning]]"]
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---
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# 信息几何 (Information Geometry)
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**信息几何**(Amari, 2016)将参数统计模型 {p_theta} 视为配备 [[fisher-information-metric|Fisher 度量]]的黎曼流形。
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## 核心构造
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1. **Fisher 度量**:g_{ij} = E[∂_i log p · ∂_j log p]
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2. **自然梯度**:nabla^{nat} = F^{-1} · nabla(在 Fisher 度量下最陡下降方向)
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3. **对偶连接**:(nabla, nabla*) 结构
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4. **指数/混合平坦性对偶**
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## 基本假设
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信息几何的几乎所有构造都要求 Fisher 度量是**非退化的**——满秩。然而:
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- 过参数化模型:参数维度 >> 有效数据约束 → Fisher 矩阵降秩
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- 奇异集上:Fisher 度量完全退化
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→ 信息几何在奇异集上"沉默"
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## 与 SLT 的桥接
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[[dead-direction|Dead Direction]] 是信息几何中 Fisher 退化方向的具体刻画。Shirodkar (2026) 证明:
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- Amari 框架中 Fisher 退化的方向 = Watanabe 框架中奇异集的切向量
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- KL 阶在两种语言中均可定义——成为桥接不变量
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## 参考
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- [[dead-directions-geometric-singular-learning|Dead Directions]]
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- [[singular-learning-theory|Singular Learning Theory]]
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- [[fisher-information-metric|Fisher Information Metric]]
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- [[dead-direction|Dead Direction]]
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