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concepts/adaptive-threshold-estimation.md
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---
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title: "Adaptive Threshold Estimation (自适应阈值估计)"
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created: 2026-07-10
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updated: 2026-07-10
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type: concept
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tags: ["thresholding", "bimodality", "adaptive-sampling", "mixture-models"]
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sources: ["Otsu (1979)", "Ashman et al. (1994)", "[[cubas-curvature-adaptive-sampling-2026|CuBAS]]"]
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---
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# Adaptive Threshold Estimation (自适应阈值估计)
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CuBAS 需要将归一化后的曲率分数 K_i ∈ [0,1] 划分为低曲率 (L) 和高曲率 (H) 两部分。不同数据集的曲率分布形态差异显著(双峰/单峰右偏/集中退化),**固定分位阈值不适用**。CuBAS 采用级联决策的自适应估计器。
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## 三级决策级联
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```
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曲率分布
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│
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┌──────▼──────┐
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│ max(K)-min(K) < ε ? ───→ TUKEY (退化)
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└──────┬──────┘
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│ NO
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┌──────▼──────┐
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│ Otsu 准则 │ → 计算 σ²_B(T) 最大化的 T
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└──────┬──────┘
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│
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┌──────▼──────────────┐
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│ Ashman's D ≥ 2.6 ? │
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└──────┬──────┬────────┘
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│ YES │ NO
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┌──────▼──┐ ┌─▼──────┐
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│ μ₂≥0.1? │ │ TUKEY │
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└──┬──┬───┘ └────────┘
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YES │ │ NO
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│ └──→ TUKEY
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▼
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OTSU
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```
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## 三个组件
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1. **Otsu's Criterion (1979)**:最大化类间方差 σ²_B(T) = w_L w_H (μ_L - μ_H)²,O(B) 累积和计算
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2. **Ashman's D Coefficient**:D = √2|μ₁-μ₂| / √(σ₁²+σ₂²),≥ 2.6 确认双峰真实可分离(非噪声)
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3. **Tukey-Fence Fallback**:对单峰分布,T = Q₃(K);若 IQR=0 则回退到 Q₀.₉₅
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## 设计动机
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- Otsu **总是**返回一个阈值(即使分布是单峰的)→ 需要 Ashman's D 验证
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- Ashman's D 假设同方差 → 不严格满足时作为筛选标准而非假设检验
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- 高曲率分量 μ₂ < 0.1 视为噪声伪影 → 强制回退
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## 参考
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- [[cubas-curvature-adaptive-sampling-2026|CuBAS]]
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- [[low-curvature-high-curvature-decomposition|L/H Decomposition]]
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