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---
title: "贝叶斯滤波"
created: 2026-06-22
updated: 2026-06-22
type: concept
tags: [state-estimation, filtering, probabilistic-inference]
sources: [nano-filter]
---
# 贝叶斯滤波
Bayesian filtering 是状态估计最通用的框架,通过递归的**预测-更新**两步计算状态的后验分布 $p(x_t | y_{1:t})$。
## 核心机制
- **预测步**Chapman-Kolmogorov 方程):利用转移概率 $p(x_t | x_{t-1})$ 从上一时刻后验预测先验分布
$$
p(x_t | y_{1:t-1}) = \int p(x_t | x_{t-1}) p(x_{t-1} | y_{1:t-1}) dx_{t-1}
$$
- **更新步**Bayes 定理):利用测量似然 $p(y_t | x_t)$ 更新先验为后验
$$
p(x_t | y_{1:t}) = \frac{p(y_t | x_t) p(x_t | y_{1:t-1})}{\int p(y_t | x_t) p(x_t | y_{1:t-1}) dx_t}
$$
## 关键特性
- 线性高斯系统 → Kalman filter 给出解析解
- 非线性系统 → 需近似Gaussian filter 族(参数化近似)或 Particle filter离散采样近似
- [[nano-filter|NANO filter]] 从变分优化视角重新构造了 Gaussian 滤波,将预测步与更新步分别视为两个优化问题
## 参考
- [[kalman-filter|Kalman Filter]]
- [[gaussian-filtering|Gaussian Filtering]]
- [[nano-filter|NANO Filter]]