20260625:很多新内容
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concepts/stein-lemma.md
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concepts/stein-lemma.md
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title: "Stein 引理"
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created: 2026-06-22
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updated: 2026-06-22
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type: concept
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tags: [mathematics, probability, statistics]
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sources: [nano-filter]
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---
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# Stein 引理
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Stein's lemma 是概率论中一个优雅的结果:对于联合高斯分布的随机变量,协方差可以通过期望的导数来计算。
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## 基本形式
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若 $(x, y)$ 服从联合高斯分布,且 $f$ 是几乎处处可微的函数,则:
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$$
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\text{Cov}(x, f(y)) = \text{Cov}(x, y) \cdot E[f'(y)]
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$$
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## 在 NANO 中的应用
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[[nano-filter|NANO filter]] 利用 Stein 引理将 Bayesian 滤波中的预测步和更新步的最优性条件转化为解析形式。具体地,Stein 引理允许将对数似然期望的梯度转化为可计算的矩表达式,从而将两个变分问题约化为有限维优化问题。
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## 参考
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- [[gaussian-filtering|Gaussian Filtering]]
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- [[nano-filter|NANO Filter]]
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