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concepts/nachbin-theorem.md
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title: "Nachbin 定理"
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created: 2026-06-17
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updated: 2026-06-17
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type: concept
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tags: [mathematics, approximation-theory, functional-analysis]
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sources: [raw/papers/schmocker-weighted-uat-2026.md]
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confidence: high
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---
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# Nachbin 定理
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Nachbin 定理是 **Stone-Weierstrass 定理的导数版本**——不仅逼近函数值,还同时逼近导数。[[weighted-uat-manifolds|Schmocker & Teichmann (2026)]] 将其推广到加权设置和无限维流形。
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## 经典版本
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Nachbin (1949):有限维流形上多项式代数的稠密性 → 可同时逼近函数和导数。
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## 加权推广
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论文的核心贡献之一:
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- **权重函数 Ψ**:控制函数和导数在大集合外的增长(Ψ-moderate growth)
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- **子代数条件**:分离点 + 包含常数 + 对导数封闭
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- **结论**:该子代数在加权可微函数空间中稠密
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## 从 Nachbin 到 UAT
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```
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加权 Nachbin 定理(纯数学)
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↓ 应用到
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FNN 满足子代数条件?
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↓ 需要验证
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1. FNN 分离点 → ℓ_k 足够丰富(BAP)
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2. FNN 非消没 → 常数可表示
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3. FNN 对导数封闭 → σ 光滑 + 链式法则
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↓
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加权 UAT for FNN(包含导数逼近)
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```
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## 历史脉络
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```
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Stone-Weierstrass (1937) ─── 连续函数逼近
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↓
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Nachbin (1949) ─── + 导数逼近(有限维流形)
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↓
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Prolla/Guerreiro (1972) ─── + 无限维 Banach 空间
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↓
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Schmocker/Teichmann (2026) ─── + 加权设置 + 无限维流形
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```
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## 参考
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- [[universal-approximation-theorem|UAT]]
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- [[weighted-spaces|加权空间]]
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- [[weighted-uat-manifolds|论文原文]]
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