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title: "Agent Sandbox(Agent 沙箱)"
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created: 2026-05-30
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updated: 2026-05-30
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type: concept
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tags: [agent, sandbox, security, execution-environment]
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sources: [[agent-harness-engineering-survey]]
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confidence: high
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---
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# Agent Sandbox
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> Agent 代码执行的安全隔离环境,是 [[execution-environment|Execution Environment]] (E 层) 的核心组件。
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## 沙箱分类
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### 1. 进程级沙箱
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- Docker 容器、gVisor、Firecracker microVM
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- 优点:成熟、广泛支持
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- 缺点:启动延迟、资源开销
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### 2. 语言级沙箱
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- Python `exec()` / `eval()` 限制、RestrictedPython
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- 优点:零启动延迟、轻量
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- 缺点:逃逸风险高
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### 3. WebAssembly (Wasm) 沙箱
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- WasmEdge、wasmtime 运行时
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- 优点:接近原生性能、强隔离、跨平台
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- 新兴方向,尚未成为主流
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### 4. 浏览器沙箱
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- Playwright、Puppeteer 驱动
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- 用于 Web Agent(如 WebArena 评测)
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## 沙箱逃逸与威胁模型
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- Agent 的代码执行能力使其具有潜在的安全威胁
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- 关键挑战:Agent 可能通过生成代码绕过沙箱限制
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- 防御:多层隔离 + 网络限制 + 文件系统只读挂载
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## 部署模式
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- **本地沙箱**:延迟最低,风险最高
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- **远程沙箱**:eg. Modal、Replit 等云平台
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- **混合模式**:敏感操作远程,常规操作本地
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## 相关概念
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- [[execution-environment]] — E 层总体
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- [[agent-governance]] — G 层的安全约束
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- [[etclovg-taxonomy]] — 七层分类体系
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