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concepts/inference-primitives.md
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title: "Inference Primitives (推理原语)"
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created: 2026-05-26
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type: concept
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tags: ["bayesian-inference", "taxonomy", "transformers", "architecture"]
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sources: ["agarwal-bayesian-attention-geometry"]
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---
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# Inference Primitives
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> 贝叶斯序列推理可分解为三个原子操作——累积、传输、绑定——不同架构可实现不同子集。
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## 三个原语
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### 1. [[belief-accumulation|Belief Accumulation]](信念累积)
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将证据逐步整合为 running posterior:\( P(\theta \mid x_{1:t}) \) 随观测更新。
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### 2. [[belief-transport|Belief Transport]](信念传输)
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信念在随机动态下传播——隐藏状态演化时的滤波(如 HMM 的前向算法)。
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### 3. [[random-access-binding|Random-Access Binding]](随机访问绑定)
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按内容而非位置检索已存储的假设——如给定探测线索回忆目标。
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## 架构可实现性矩阵
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| 架构 | 累积 | 传输 | 绑定 | 推理能力 |
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|------|:---:|:---:|:---:|---------|
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| Transformer | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 完整 |
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| Mamba (SSM) | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | 滤波 SOTA,绑定失能 |
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| LSTM | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | 仅静态充分统计量 |
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| MLP | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | 无 |
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## 结构性洞察
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**[[primitive-completeness|原语完备性]]**:Transformer 是**实现全部三原语的最小架构**。其在推理任务中的主导地位不是来自规模,而是来自架构层面对全套推理操作的支持。
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> Neural sequence architectures differ not in whether they can approximate Bayesian inference, but in which primitives they can realize.
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## 相关页面
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- [[bayesian-wind-tunnels]] — 验证原语理论的实验环境
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- [[primitive-completeness]] — 原语完备性的深入分析
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- [[bayesian-attention-geometry]] — 原语在注意力头中的几何实现
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