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concepts/time-series-forecasting-augmentation.md
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concepts/time-series-forecasting-augmentation.md
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---
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title: "Time Series Forecasting Augmentation"
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created: 2026-05-26
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type: concept
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tags: ["time-series", "data-augmentation", "forecasting", "deep-learning"]
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sources: ["temporal-patch-shuffle-tps"]
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---
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# Time Series Forecasting Augmentation
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> 时间序列预测中的数据增强——必须同时满足多样性引入和时间一致性保持。
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## 与分类增强的本质区别
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| 维度 | 分类增强 | 预测增强 |
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|------|---------|---------|
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| 目标 | 离散标签 | 连续信号 |
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| 标签不变性 | 宽松 | 严格 |
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| 安全操作 | jittering、scaling、warping | 需联合变换 |
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| 失败模式 | 过拟合 | input-target 错位 |
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分类增强中安全的变换(jittering、window warping)在预测中会破坏 look-back 窗口与预测 horizon 之间的连续性。
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## 必要条件:数据-标签一致性
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增强必须作用于拼接后的完整序列 s = x ∥ y,再切分:
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```
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s = x ∥ y, s̃ = 𝒜(s), (x̃, ỹ) = Split(s̃)
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```
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只增强输入、保持目标不变 → input-target 关系断裂 → 性能下降最大。详见 [[data-label-consistency]]。
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## 方法分类
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见 [[forecasting-augmentation-taxonomy|完整分类体系]]:
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- **频域**:[[freqmask-freqmix]]、[[dominant-shuffle]]、RobustTAD
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- **时频域**:[[wavemask-wavemix]]
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- **分解**:[[staug]]
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- **Patch**:[[temporal-patch-shuffle]] ⭐(当前 SOTA)
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## 关键设计原则
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1. **联合变换**:x 和 y 必须一起被增强
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2. **受控随机性**:不破坏信号时间结构的随机性
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3. **平滑重建**:重叠+平均机制柔化扰动引入的不连续性
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4. **保守扰动**:优先扰动结构特征少的区域(如低 variance patch)
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## 相关页面
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- [[temporal-patch-shuffle]] — 当前最优方法
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- [[data-label-consistency]] — 理论基础
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- [[non-stationary-time-series]] — 非平稳性挑战
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