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concepts/shape-operator.md
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concepts/shape-operator.md
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---
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title: "Shape Operator (形状算子)"
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created: 2026-07-10
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updated: 2026-07-10
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type: concept
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tags: ["differential-geometry", "curvature", "information-geometry"]
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sources: ["[[cubas-curvature-adaptive-sampling-2026|CuBAS]]", "do Carmo (2017)"]
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---
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# Shape Operator (形状算子)
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**Shape Operator**(Weingarten 映射)是微分几何中的基本对象,通过第一和第二基本形式的组合量化曲面局部的弯曲程度。
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## 形式定义
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设 M 是配备第一基本形式 G(θ) 和第二基本形式 B(θ) 的正则流形:
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```
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S(θ) = -B(θ) G(θ)^{-1}
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```
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几何上,S 测量单位法向量沿切方向移动时的变化率。其**特征值**为主曲率,**行列式**为高斯曲率,**迹的一半**为平均曲率。
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## 在 CuBAS 中
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在 Potts MRF 模型中,统计流形仅由 β 一维参数化 → shape operator 退化为标量:
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```
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S_i(β) = -Ψ_i(β) / (Φ_i(β) + λ)
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```
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其中:
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- Ψ_i(β) 是节点 i 的局部二阶 [[observed-fisher-information|Fisher 信息]]
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- Φ_i(β) 是节点 i 的局部一阶 Fisher 信息
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该标量直接度量每个节点的**统计曲率**——高曲率对应决策边界附近、低曲率对应簇内部。
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## 与其他曲率概念的区别
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| 概念 | 计算对象 | 用途 |
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|------|---------|------|
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| Shape Operator | 统计流形(Fisher 信息诱导) | 信息量度量 |
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| [[curvature-based-adaptive-sampling|CuBAS 曲率]] | 带标签 k-NN 图 | 样本筛选 |
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| Ricci Curvature (Ollivier) | 图边的 transport 距离 | 图结构分析 |
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## 参考
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- [[cubas-curvature-adaptive-sampling-2026|CuBAS]]
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- [[statistical-manifold|Statistical Manifold]]
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- [[information-geometry|Information Geometry]]
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