47 lines
1.8 KiB
Markdown
47 lines
1.8 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "Prompt Engineering(提示词工程)"
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created: 2026-06-29
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updated: 2026-06-29
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type: concept
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tags: [prompt-engineering, LLM, methodology]
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sources: [[prompt-to-loop-engineering-2026]]
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confidence: high
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---
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# Prompt Engineering
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> AI 开发范式四次浪潮的第一阶段(2022–2024):核心问题是"如何跟 AI 沟通"。
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## 经典方法论
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- **Zero-shot / Few-shot**:不给或给少量示例
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- **Instruction Prompting**:结构化指令引导
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- **Chain-of-Thought / Tree-of-Thought**:多步推理提示策略
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- **APE(Automatic Prompt Engineering)**:自动搜索最优 Prompt
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## Prompt Engineering ≠ Blind Prompting
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正确的 Prompt Engineering 是一套包含"定义问题 → demonstration set → 候选 prompt → 实测准确率 → 成本/精度权衡 → 持续迭代"的工程方法论。[[blind-prompting|盲提示(Blind Prompting)]] 则是纯 trial-and-error、缺乏测试的反模式。
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## 声明式框架:DSPy
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[[dspy|DSPy(Declarative Self-improving Python)]] 将 Prompt 从"人工手写"变为"可编译、可学习的程序":开发者声明输入输出签名,优化器自动搜索最优 Prompt + Few-shot 组合。底座模型切换时一键重新编译。
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## 瓶颈
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1. 上下文窗口限制,无法承载海量上下文
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2. 缺乏记忆与工具调用,无法多步执行
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3. 容错率极低,需不断人工介入
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4. 技术债务:应用规模稍大就需维护成百上千条模板,模型升级时集体失效
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## 嵌套定位
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Prompt ⊂ [[context-engineering|Context]] ⊂ [[harness-engineering|Harness]] ⊂ [[loop-engineering|Loop]]
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## 相关概念
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- [[blind-prompting|盲提示]]
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- [[dspy|DSPy]]
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- [[prompt-engineering-vs-fine-tuning|Prompt Engineering vs Fine-tuning]]
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- [[prompt-to-harness-evolution|三阶段工程演进]]
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