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---
title: "零样本分类 (Zero-Shot Classification)"
created: 2026-07-04
updated: 2026-07-04
type: concept
tags: [classification, zero-shot, transfer-learning, vlm]
sources: []
---
# 零样本分类 (Zero-Shot Classification)
在不提供目标类别训练样本的情况下,直接对未见过的类别进行分类。
## VLM 实现
VLM 通过文本 prompt 将类别名编码为嵌入,与图像嵌入做余弦相似度匹配,天然支持零样本分类:
$$f(x) = \arg\max_{c \in C_{\text{novel}}} \langle f_{\text{img}}(x), f_{\text{text}}(t_c) \rangle$$
## 与开放词表识别的区别
- **零样本分类**:强调"未见过类别"的迁移能力
- **开放词表识别**[[open-vocabulary-recognition]]):强调"任意自然语言描述"的灵活性
- 实践中两者高度重叠VLM 同时具备两种能力
## 参考
- [[open-vocabulary-recognition|开放词表识别]]
- [[vision-language-models|VLM]]
- [[clip|CLIP]]