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---
title: "CLIP"
created: 2026-07-04
updated: 2026-07-04
type: concept
tags: [model, multimodal, vision-language, openai]
sources: ["Radford et al., 2021"]
---
# CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training)
OpenAI 提出的双编码器视觉语言模型,通过大规模图文对对比学习训练,将图像和文本对齐到共享嵌入空间。
## 架构
- 视觉编码器ViT 或 ResNet输出单位嵌入
- 文本编码器Transformer输出单位嵌入
- 训练目标对比损失contrastive loss最大化匹配图文对的相似度最小化不匹配对的相似度
## 关键影响
CLIP 使 VLM 成为基础视觉组件,支持:
- [[open-vocabulary-recognition|开放词表识别]]zero-shot classification
- 图文检索、检测、分割、VQA
- 嵌入空间的语义可解释性(相似度反映语义关联)
## 变体与后代
- ViT-B/32、ViT-L/14 等不同视觉骨干
- BLIP、ALIGN、SigLIP 等后续模型
## 参考
- [[vision-language-models|VLM]]
- [[dual-encoder-vlm|双编码器 VLM]]
- [[cosine-similarity-geometry|余弦相似度几何]]
- [[semantic-robustness-certification-vlm-2026|Semantic Robustness Certification (ICML 2026)]](以 CLIP ViT-B/32 实验)
- [[contrastive-learning|对比学习]]