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---
title: "开放词表识别 (Open-Vocabulary Recognition)"
created: 2026-07-04
updated: 2026-07-04
type: concept
tags: [vision, classification, zero-shot, vlm]
sources: []
---
# 开放词表识别 (Open-Vocabulary Recognition)
利用 VLM 的文本-图像对齐能力,不依赖预定义标签集,直接用自然语言描述类别进行识别。
## 与零样本分类的关系
- 零样本分类([[zero-shot-classification]]):在训练中未见过的类别上做预测
- 开放词表识别:更广泛的框架——任何可被自然语言描述的类别都可识别,无需在训练中显式定义标签空间
## VLM 实现
VLM 将类别名(或描述性 prompt编码为文本嵌入与图像嵌入做余弦相似度匹配
$$f(x) = \arg\max_c \langle f_{\text{img}}(x), f_{\text{text}}(t_c) \rangle$$
## 参考
- [[vision-language-models|VLM]]
- [[clip|CLIP]]
- [[text-proxy-for-semantics|文本语义代理]]