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---
title: "变分线性化 Laplace 近似 (VaLLA)"
created: 2026-06-17
updated: 2026-06-17
type: concept
tags: [bayesian-deep-learning, uncertainty, laplace-approximation, post-hoc]
sources: [raw/papers/ortega-phd-thesis-2026.md]
confidence: high
---
# 变分线性化 Laplace 近似 (VaLLA)
VaLLA 是 [[ortega-phd-thesis|Ortega (2026)]] 提出的**后处理不确定性校准方法**——将变分推断与[[neural-tangent-kernel|NTK]]线性化 Laplace 结合,为预训练确定性网络附加校准的预测不确定性。
## 两阶段结构
1. **预训练**:标准确定性网络训练(如分类/回归)
2. **后处理**:在预训练权重上构建 Bayesian 后验
## VaLLA 机制
```
p(θ|D) ≈ N(θ_MAP, Σ)
```
- **线性化 Laplace**:在 NTK 特征空间(而非权重空间)中构建 Gaussian 后验
- **变分优化**:不使用 MAP 点的精确 Hessian而是**变分地学习**最优后验协方差
- 优势:高效(无需全 Hessian+ 校准更好
## 与 FMGP 的对比
| 维度 | VaLLA | [[fixed-mean-gaussian-process|FMGP]] |
|------|-------|------|
| 后验均值 | MAP 点 | 冻结(确定性) |
| 不确定性来源 | 权重后验 | GP 协方差 |
| 校准方式 | 变分学习 Σ | GP 核参数 |
## 参考
- [[fixed-mean-gaussian-process|FMGP]]
- [[neural-tangent-kernel|NTK]]
- [[bayesian-deep-learning|Bayesian 深度学习]]
- [[ortega-phd-thesis|论文]]