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---
title: "Observed Fisher Information (观测 Fisher 信息)"
created: 2026-07-10
updated: 2026-07-10
type: concept
tags: ["information-geometry", "fisher-information", "curvature", "statistical-inference"]
sources: ["Lehmann & Casella (2011)", "[[cubas-curvature-adaptive-sampling-2026|CuBAS]]"]
---
# Observed Fisher Information (观测 Fisher 信息)
在[[information-geometry|信息几何]]中,**Fisher 信息**的双重角色——定义度量张量和刻画曲率——由其一阶和二阶形式分别承担。
## 定义
对参数模型 p(x; θ),θ ∈ R
- **一阶 Fisher 信息**度量结构I(θ) = E[(∂/∂θ log p)²]
- **二阶 Fisher 信息**曲率结构II(θ) = -E[∂²/∂θ² log p]
## 在 Potts MRF 中的观测形式
由于期望不可解,[[cubas-curvature-adaptive-sampling-2026|CuBAS]] 采用经验近似(大数定律):
```
Φ_i(β) = [∂/∂β log p(x_i | η_i, β̂)]²
Ψ_i(β) = -∂²/∂β² log p(x_i | η_i, β̂)
```
计算得到封闭形式:
```
Φ_i(β) = [U_i(x_i) - Σ_ U_i() exp(βU_i()) / Σ_ exp(βU_i())]²
Ψ_i(β) = Var_β[U_i(·)] → 局部能量的条件方差
```
## 张量化计算
CuBAS 通过 Kronecker 积和 Hadamard 积实现矢量化:
- 定义向量 v⃗能量差和 w⃗exp 权重)
- Φ_i、Ψ_i 表示为 (v⃗ ⊙ w⃗) ⊗ (v⃗ ⊙ w⃗) 和加权组合
## 与统计流形曲率的关系
在 CuBAS 中Φ_i 和 Ψ_i 共同构成局部[[shape-operator|shape operator]],二者的比值刻画了标签图的**统计弯曲程度**——这是 CuBAS 区分决策边界和簇内部的核心机制。
## 参考
- [[cubas-curvature-adaptive-sampling-2026|CuBAS]]
- [[potts-markov-random-field|Potts MRF]]
- [[shape-operator|Shape Operator]]
- [[fisher-information-metric|Fisher Information Metric]]
- [[information-geometry|Information Geometry]]