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---
title: "Hawkes 过程 (Hawkes Process)"
created: 2026-06-16
updated: 2026-06-16
type: concept
tags: [temporal-point-process, self-exciting, hawkes, causal-discovery]
sources: [raw/papers/advances-temporal-point-processes-2026.md]
---
# Hawkes 过程 (Hawkes Process)
Hawkes 过程是一种自激励self-exciting时间点过程由 Hawkes (1971) 提出,核心特征是"过去的事件会增加未来事件发生的概率"。
## 强度函数
Unmarked Hawkes 的条件强度函数:
```
lambda*(t) = mu + sum_{t_n < t} phi(t - t_n)
```
- `mu > 0`基线强度background intensity
- `phi(·): R+ → R+`触发函数triggering function描述过去事件对未来强度的影响随时间衰减
## 多变量扩展
多变量 Hawkes 过程MHP建模 K 种事件类型:
```
lambda*_k(t) = mu_k + sum_{k'=1}^K sum_{t_n < t, k_n=k'} phi_{k,k'}(t - t_n)
```
其中 `phi_{k,k'}` 描述类型 k' 的事件如何影响类型 k 的强度。若 `phi_{k,k'} = 0`,则 k' 不对 k 产生 Granger 因果影响——这是 [[granger-causality-tpp|Granger 因果发现]] 的基础。
## 关键应用
- **地震学**:建模主震-余震序列(最初动机)
- **金融**订单流分析买卖单相互影响Bacry & Muzy, 2014
- **社交媒体**:推文/转发的信息扩散Kong et al., 2023
- **神经科学**:神经元脉冲序列的功能连接
- **流行病学**疾病传播建模Rizoiu et al., 2018
## 从经典到现代
- **经典 Hawkes**:参数化触发函数(如指数衰减 `phi(t) = alpha*exp(-beta*t)`
- **非参数 Bayesian Hawkes**:用 GP 或 Dirichlet 过程灵活建模触发函数
- **神经 Hawkes**:用 RNN/Transformer 学习隐式触发动态
## 参考
- Hawkes (1971), "Spectra of some self-exciting and mutually exciting point processes"
- [[temporal-point-process|时间点过程]]
- [[conditional-intensity-function|条件强度函数]]
- [[granger-causality-tpp|Granger 因果发现]]
- [[neural-temporal-point-process|神经 TPP]]
- [[advances-temporal-point-processes-2026|TPP 综述]]