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---
title: "Intensity-free 建模"
created: 2026-06-16
updated: 2026-06-16
type: concept
tags: [temporal-point-process, parameterization, training-efficiency]
sources: [raw/papers/advances-temporal-point-processes-2026.md]
---
# Intensity-free 建模 (Intensity-free Modeling)
Intensity-free 建模是神经 TPP 中绕过 [[conditional-intensity-function|条件强度函数]] 积分的一种参数化策略,旨在消除 MLE 训练中的数值积分瓶颈。
## 动机
传统 intensity-based 方法在 MLE 训练时面临核心困境:
```
log L = sum log lambda*(t_n) - ∫_0^T lambda*(tau) dtau
```
积分 `∫ lambda*` 在大多数神经参数化下没有闭式解,需 Monte Carlo 或数值积分近似——计算开销大且引入估计误差。
## 三种 Intensity-free 范式
### 1. 直接建模条件密度 `f(t|H)`
```
f(t | H_{t_n}) = sum_{m=1}^M w_m * LogNormal(t; mu_m, sigma_m)
```
- 代表性工作Shchur et al. (2020a) (RNN), Panos (2024) (Transformer)
- 对数正态混合分布消除积分需求
- 采样直接可用(从混合分布采样)
### 2. 建模累积强度函数 `Lambda*(t)`
用单调神经网络或样条对 `Lambda*(t)` 建模:
```
log L = sum log(dLambda*/dt) - Lambda*(T)
```
- 无需积分 `lambda*`
- Omi et al. (2019), Shchur et al. (2020b), Liu (2024)
### 3. 建模逆 CDF `F^{-1}`
用单调有理二次样条学习逆累积分布:
```
t = F^{-1}(u | H_{t_n}), u ~ Uniform(0,1)
```
- Taieb (2022):同时避免积分和保证高效采样
## 对比
| 方法 | 数值积分 | 采样效率 | MLE 复杂度 |
|------|---------|---------|-----------|
| Intensity-based | 需要 | 需 thinning | 高 |
| 密度参数化 | 无需 | 直接采样 | 低 |
| 累积强度 | 无需 | 需逆变换 | 中 |
| 逆 CDF | 无需 | 直接采样 | 低 |
## 参考
- [[temporal-point-process|时间点过程]]
- [[conditional-intensity-function|条件强度函数]]
- [[neural-temporal-point-process|神经 TPP]]
- [[tpp-training-methods|TPP 训练方法]]
- [[advances-temporal-point-processes-2026|TPP 综述]]