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---
title: "不确定性公平性差距 (Uncertainty Equity Gap, UEG)"
created: 2026-06-10
updated: 2026-06-10
type: concept
tags: ["algorithmic-equity", "uncertainty-quantification", "metrics", "clinical-ai"]
sources: ["[[principled-uncertainty-clinical-ai]]"]
---
# 不确定性公平性差距 (Uncertainty Equity Gap, UEG)
**UEG** 是 [[principled-uncertainty-clinical-ai|Principled Uncertainty in Clinical AI]] 提出的公平性度量指标,将校准后的认知不确定性作为算法公平性的形式化信号。
## 形式化定义
```
UEG = (max_g E[sigma | g] - min_g E[sigma | g]) / E[sigma | r]
```
- g子群体如设施类型、社会经济地位、年龄组、性别
- r参考群体通常为最优势群体
- sigma融合后的认知不确定性标准差
**配套指标** — [[uncertainty-disparity-ratio|UDR]]
```
UDR(g, r) = E[sigma | group = g] / E[sigma | group = r]
```
## 核心发现
在 1,000 名合成患者数据集上的公平性审计:
| 子群体轴 | UEG | UDR | p 值 | 效应量 r |
|---------|-----|-----|------|---------|
| 设施类型(农村 vs 三级) | **15.3%** | 1.153 | <0.001 | 0.698 |
| 社会经济地位 vs | 6.8% | | <0.001 | 0.617 |
| 年龄组老年 vs 成人 | 3.9% | | <0.001 | 0.575 |
| 性别 | 0.5% | | 0.909 | |
## 关键洞察
标准准确率差异农村 85.5% vs 三级 82.6%相差仅 2.9pp完全无法检测公平性问题 UEG 达到 15.3%——**不确定性比准确率对公平性问题敏感得多**。
效应量排序设施 > SES > 年龄 > 性别)精确映射了结构性健康数据质量决定因素的层级。
## 参考
- [[principled-uncertainty-clinical-ai|Principled Uncertainty in Clinical AI]]
- [[uncertainty-disparity-ratio|UDR]]
- [[algorithmic-equity|算法公平性]]
- [[expected-calibration-error|ECE]]