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---
title: "Adaptive Threshold Estimation (自适应阈值估计)"
created: 2026-07-10
updated: 2026-07-10
type: concept
tags: ["thresholding", "bimodality", "adaptive-sampling", "mixture-models"]
sources: ["Otsu (1979)", "Ashman et al. (1994)", "[[cubas-curvature-adaptive-sampling-2026|CuBAS]]"]
---
# Adaptive Threshold Estimation (自适应阈值估计)
CuBAS 需要将归一化后的曲率分数 K_i ∈ [0,1] 划分为低曲率 (L) 和高曲率 (H) 两部分。不同数据集的曲率分布形态差异显著(双峰/单峰右偏/集中退化),**固定分位阈值不适用**。CuBAS 采用级联决策的自适应估计器。
## 三级决策级联
```
曲率分布
┌──────▼──────┐
│ max(K)-min(K) < ε ? ───→ TUKEY (退化)
└──────┬──────┘
│ NO
┌──────▼──────┐
│ Otsu 准则 │ → 计算 σ²_B(T) 最大化的 T
└──────┬──────┘
┌──────▼──────────────┐
│ Ashman's D ≥ 2.6 ? │
└──────┬──────┬────────┘
│ YES │ NO
┌──────▼──┐ ┌─▼──────┐
│ μ₂≥0.1? │ │ TUKEY │
└──┬──┬───┘ └────────┘
YES │ │ NO
│ └──→ TUKEY
OTSU
```
## 三个组件
1. **Otsu's Criterion (1979)**:最大化类间方差 σ²_B(T) = w_L w_H (μ_L - μ_H)²O(B) 累积和计算
2. **Ashman's D Coefficient**D = √2|μ₁-μ₂| / √(σ₁²+σ₂²),≥ 2.6 确认双峰真实可分离(非噪声)
3. **Tukey-Fence Fallback**对单峰分布T = Q₃(K);若 IQR=0 则回退到 Q₀.₉₅
## 设计动机
- Otsu **总是**返回一个阈值(即使分布是单峰的)→ 需要 Ashman's D 验证
- Ashman's D 假设同方差 → 不严格满足时作为筛选标准而非假设检验
- 高曲率分量 μ₂ < 0.1 视为噪声伪影 强制回退
## 参考
- [[cubas-curvature-adaptive-sampling-2026|CuBAS]]
- [[low-curvature-high-curvature-decomposition|L/H Decomposition]]